The securityrouter.org project: based on OpenBSD
The securityrouter.org project is a network operating system and software distribution based on OpenBSD, with the main differentiator being the single, revision-managed, clear-text configuration file with soft re-configuration (atomic commits) editable from CLI and web interface, and documented security architecture.
It's developed and maintained by Halon Security, although their primary business is a hosting-grade, scriptable email gateway (offering anti-spam, among other things).
In general, it's a routing platform with security and VPN features. It aims to be a replacement for proprietary solutions like Cisco IOS and Juniper Junos. You can download it for free from http://dl2.halon.se/vsr/ and run it from (for example) a USB stick in a x86 computer (anything from the affordable ALIX to high end systems with 10GE cards), or as a virtual machine. New user are encouraged to read the getting started page.
It came to life because we wanted a router/firewall with Unix root access, strict security architecture, APIs and a beautiful configuration file that applied atomically (enabling for example rollbacks without rebooting). The file system is read-only, enabling it to be run from USB thumb drivers or CompactFlash cards. It doesn't need to be "installed", the software can be written directly onto for example a USB stick. The system is a mix of open (web interface, system scripts, LCD interfaces, patches, OpenBSD) and closed (backend) source.